Discovery of the Harappan Civilization
Discovery of the Harappan Civilization: The oldest Culture of India is known as Indus Valley Civilization or Harappan Civilization. It has been called the Indus Valley Civilization or Saadhav Civilization because the initial remains and major centers of this civilization came to light only in the Indus Valley Civilization. Later the remains of this civilization were found in a wide area outside the Indus Valley. then to Harappa, which was the main center of this civilization, and which first came to light.
Discovery of geographical area
The name of this civilization was given as Harappan culture considering the basis. Another reason for doing this was that. Harappan-like cultural elements came to light from a wide area outside the Indus Valley. In place of the archaeologist Indus Valley, the word Harappan civilization or Harappan culture itself means a whole group of specialties, which is based on a particular style. It belongs to the same geographical area or time. Discovery of the Harappan Civilization.
Discovery of the Harappan Civilization: Archaeologist Alexander Cunningham
The discovery of the Harappan civilization began in the 19th century, in 1875 to the famous archaeologist Alexander Cunningham, who was an engineer by profession. T
he first director of the Archaeological Survey of India was made. He is called the father of Indian archeology. Cunningham found an inscribed seal from Harappa Pass on which was carved a statue of Saar And some letters were inscribed in unknown script. They also found the remains of broken buildings scattered everywhere. On this basis, Cunningham Dham had estimated the presence of an ancient city here.
Scattered bricks here Harappan Civilization
Mr. Cunningham, seeing the scattered bricks, said that there were so many of them that the distance from Lohar to Multan was 100, There was so much brick that a rail line could be built. Cunningham did not take much interest in a full survey of the site, because his interest was more in the archeology of historical sites, scholars paid little attention to this forgotten civilization until the early visitors of the 20th century, But later there was a surprising progress in the discovery of the Harappan civilization, as a result of which today we have a detailed description of this urban civilization.
Archaeological importance of Harappan Civilization
The archaeological importance of Harappa came to the scholars in 1921 when an Indian archaeologist Dayaram Sahni excavated Harappa during this excavation, he found many seals from the first levels of early historic period. At the same time, Rakhal Das Banerjee excavated Sindh Mohenjo-Daro, he also found seals similar to Harappa, its scholars began to speculate that Harappa and Mohenjo belonged to the same civilization, from this time many excavations were done in Harappa Mohenjo-Daro. Harappa was excavated on a large scale and scientifically in 1921 itself under the leadership of John Marshall, director of the Archaeological Survey of India.
Harappan civilization and its material culture.
After independence in 1947, Indian, Pakistani and other archeology mentioned many new sites, Lothal in 1955 by SR Rao and Kali Bandhan in 1960 by B V Lal and V K Thapar. Mohenjodaro was surveyed by a team of archeologists from Germany and Italy in 1980 and some sites of Harappa were violated by American archeologists in 1986. These excavations have introduced us to the nature of the Harappan civilization and its material culture.
Expansion and major sites of the Harappan civilization
Discovery of the Harappan Civilization: Two major sites of Harappan civilization in Army West Punjab (Located in the Mughal District of Pakistan (and Mohenjo-daro (Larkana District in Sindh Pakistan) which is called the Mound of the Dead) came to the fore. In the past years, about 28 sites related to the Harappan culture have been found in the Indian subcontinent, Balochistan, Sindh, Punjab, Jammu-Kashmir, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Saurashtra, Kathiawar and West Uttar Pradesh.
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