Ending of Harappan Civilization:

Ending of Harappan Civilization: The developed form of Harappan civilization ended around 1900 AD. Evidence of decline is seen in Harappa Mohenjodaro. The same symptoms are seen in other developed places as well. There was a change in the construction of the city, the behavior of new types of pottery started.

As a result of this transformation in physical culture, the urban form of Harappan civilization disappeared in numerous settlements in Pakistan, central and western India, Punjab, Rajasthan, Haryana, Jammu, Kashmir, Western, and Uttar Pradesh between 1900 AD. It was discovered to be inhabited in front of the Harappan culture or late Harappan culture; nevertheless, this Harappan culture did not become a city culture, but rather a rural culture, and thus the Harappan civilisation faded.

Reason of the Downfall

Several reasons have been suggested for the decline of the Harappan civilization.-

1.Foreigner attack

• Remains of the mound of the dead found from Mohenjodaro, Aartis, ornaments, weapons etc scattered here and there. Based on this, some scholars suggested that the city was destroyed by the invaders who destroyed the Harappan kingdom. Taking the help of Rigveda, Hiller considers these invaders as Aryans; Harappai considers Indra Purandar and responsible for destroying the people.

2.Natural reason

• Natural causes have also been blamed for the Harappan civilization’s demise. Natural causes such as large-scale fires, floods, changes in river flow, tectonic plows, temperature change, soil moisture loss, and large-scale deforestation have all had an impact on civilization. A substantial portion of the population was destroyed in a large-scale epidemic like malaria, for various causes, including the collapse of some unique regions, but the entire civilization was annihilated as a result. Where there is a fire, but the outbreak of flood, the change in the flow of the rivers has also been forgiven and the change in climate, the decrease in the humidity of the land is considered to be the work.

3.Administrative plant

• It seems that by the end of the developed Harappan civilization, the administrative system became loose and weak and the state came to an end. As a result of this, there was a change in the nature of things in planning and material life. rusticity has taken the place

4.Economical Reason

The most fundamental reason for the Harappan civilization’s downfall was economic; there was a decrease in agricultural production as well as a decline in industry and trade. In the last stages of the civilisation, inland and foreign trade, which was the mainstay of the Indus economy, came to an end for political and other reasons. It also weakened the economy. Because no technical changes were made to the tools utilized for a long period, they became obsolete. As a result of these factors, the established Harappan towns were supplanted by North Black Harappan communities.

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