Revolt of 1857: First War of Independence against the British

Revolt of 1857: Since the beginning of the 19th century, the spread of British rule has reached its height. All information about that is written in this article

With its oppressive and exploitational practices, the British rule’s early administrative innovations had a negative impact on all of the Indian states’ rulers, sepoys, zamindars, farmers, traders, pundits, and priests, among others. His policies had an impact on remote villages as well as urban areas. In this fight for independence, the rule of the British East India Company was brought to an end. The resentment of the Indians found expression in several rebellions and mutinies from time to time in different parts of the country.

The political, economic, and social exploitation of British rule over a century, from the Battle of Plassey in 1757 to the Great Revolution in 1857, left the Indian population with a general sense of unhappiness. The English East India Company, one of the European businesses, rapidly consolidates its power in India and begins to control various regions of the country.

Revolt of 1857: Introduction

• In this sequence, the English company captures most of the territory of India by introducing its diplomacy in the Battle of Plassey, Battle of Buxar, Carnatic War, Anglo Mysore War, Anglo Sikh War, Anglo Maratha War.
• Indians began to feel a sense of rebellion as a result of the English company’s policies gradually destroying the economic foundation of their country. Eventually, certain events sparked this feeling of revolt among the Indians, which is what is known as the Revolution of 1857.
• The Revolution of 1857 is termed as India’s First Indian War of Independence and along with it it is also called India’s military rebellion and national movement by some people. Today we will learn about this revolution of 1857 and in this sequence, we will discuss about the nature of this revolution, its causes, how it started, in which areas this revolution spread, the reasons for the failure of this revolution and its result.

The Character of the 1857 Revolution

• There are some disputes among historians regarding the nature of the 1857 revolution because it doesn’t truly have a permanent shape, which is why different historians have given the event different names. Is.
• Indian historians call this incident a national movement, a big revolution, and a freedom struggle, while British historians call this incident just a minor rebellion, a Hindu-Muslim mixed conspiracy and a small military rebellion.
• That’s why this phenomenon has not got a permanent form. The Revolt of 1857 has been given different names by different persons, some of which are as follows: –

1. British Historian / Foreign Historian
2. Name the revolution of 1857
3. naming historians
4. meaning of name
5. war of fanatics against Christians
6. Ale. E.R. Reese
7. In religion blind Indians were told to fight against Christians.
8. Indians were called barbarians and calling themselves civilized it was said that
9. In order to civilize the Indians who were barbarians, they along with the civilized people
10. rebelled.
11. war between barbarism and civilization
12. T.R. Holmes
13. Outram, this rebellion was said to be a mixed conspiracy of Hindus and Muslims, in which rebellion was done against the British.
14. Hindu-Muslim conspiracy
15. james taylor
16. mutiny
17. Lawrence, Seale, Trevelyan, Holmes
18. He termed this rebellion as a military rebellion.
19. Name the revolution of 1857
20. naming historians
21. Indian historian
22. meaning of name
23. Neither the first freedom struggle
24. nor the first national movement
25. nor the freedom struggle was
26. R. C. Mazumdar

Due to conflicts with the Indian government at the time of freedom, he had said this before to the revolt of 1857.

Solders Rebellion

These Indian historians were supported by those British historians, who described this revolution as a military rebellion like Lawrence, Seale etc. First freedom struggle, planned freedom struggle V. D. Savarkar considered this revolution as a comprehensive form. National rebellion Disraeli, Ashok Mehta This revolution was termed as a national rebellion by Disraeli in the British Parliament.

Reasons for the Revolution of 1857

Due to which the spirit of rebellion arose among the Indians and in 1857? a de ma Many such reasons arose at that time. There was a revolution- Political Many policies of the English company and political ups and downs are one of the reasons for this revolution. When Lord Dalhousie came to the English Company as the Governor, a doctrine of lapse was run by him, by which he used to merge the princely states of different regions of India into the control areas of the English Company and imposed on them the practice of adoption by the English company was also stopped by this usurpation policy. There were areas like Sambalpur, Satara, Nagpur, Jhansi and Awadh in these areas, which were annexed by Lord Dalhousie’s usurpation policy. Company’s territories were merged, Wajid Ali Shah, the last Nawab of Awadh, was accused of misrule by the English Company and his territory of Awadh was taken by the English Company due to this charge.

Because of this, a feeling of rebellion started arising among the Indian rulers and landlords of these areas to be free from the policies of the English Company. Apart from this, the policy of Ring Fence of Warren Hastings and the policy of Subsidiary Treaty of Lord Wellesley, all these political activities and policies of the English Company gradually started causing rebellion among the Indians.
Thus, these political reasons were one of the main reasons for the 1857 revolution.

Dissolution of the English East India Company

The major outcome of this revolution was the direct transfer of control of India from the British Government to the British Crown after the English East India Company’s dominion of India was abolished. As a result, the English East India Company, which we previously discussed in our articles, ruled over different parts of India from the start, including the Battle of Buxar and the Battle of Plassey, Bengal, the Mysore Empire, the Maratha Empire, and the occupation of the Sikh Empire. All of this work was being done in India by the English East India Company, and the 1857 movement was also against this company, so the British government felt that the English East India Company could no longer handle the rule of India, hence the power of India from them. was taken back and handed over to the British Crown.

Revolt of 1857: First War of Independence against the British

End of usurpation policy

Doctrine of Lapse which was introduced by Lord Dalhousie, due to which many Indian princely states were merged into the jurisdiction of the English Company, this policy was abolished by the British government after this revolution. The original princely states’ standing was reinstated to what it had been before they were united under the control of the English business through this usurpation policy.

Change in military system.

As we can see from the table above, the ratio of Indian soldiers was decreased to one British soldier for every five Indian soldiers. This adjustment was mostly implemented in response to the Indian military rebellion. Additionally, the majority of the soldiers from Bengal, Bihar, and Uttar Pradesh engaged in this revolt. As a result, the British administration began hiring more Gorkha, Sikh, and other soldiers from these regions as well as from Bengal, Bihar, and Uttar Pradesh. started gradually diminishing. After this revolution, a new post of Secretary of India was created by the British Government, under whose leadership the task of overseeing the affairs of India would be done and a 15-member Council of Ministers was formed to assist this Indian Secretary.

End of Mughal dynasty

The Mughal dynasty which had established power in India since 1526, that Mughal dynasty also ends in this revolution, and we had discussed it above as well and we have discussed it in our articles of Mughal dynasty as well.

Important points related to the revolution of 1857.

• The 1857 book was composed by Surendra Nath Sen, but this book was first written by R. Written by C. Majumdar | But he refused to write this book, so then this book was written by Surendra Nath Sen.
• The British Prime Minister at the time of this revolution was Palmerston.
• Lord Canning was the Governor General of India at the time of the revolution of 1857.
• The Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar / Bahadur Shah II at the time of this revolution was
• To suppress the revolution of 1857, the British mainly chose Commander Campbell.
• In the revolution of 1857, lotus and roti were made the symbol of this revolution by the Indians.

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